Condition-Based Multi-State-System Maintenance Models for Smart Grid System with Stochastic Power Supply and Demand

This study established power-related efficiency measures from the perspective of reliability, namely, power system availability, expected deficiency, accumulated instantaneous capacity, and capacity for a hybrid (HPS) in generic smart grid. Methodologically, supply–demand stochastic model that simultaneously considers inherently nature supply demand was developed to quantify their interrelationship characterize dynamic behavior an HPS continuous-time Markov chain. Preventive maintenance (PM) models were also constructed determine optimal PM strategy alignment with specific scenarios reflect performance requirements resource limitations. A sensitivity analysis conducted using design experiments (DOE) scheme simulated climate change revealed extreme worsens measures. provides further insight into extent which conditions diminish engineers designers grid systems’ The proposed approach will potentially contribute sustainability maintainability clean energy industry.